Human
Physiology (Biol 236)
Outline
Outline
It
is to be understood that you will have read the corresponding sections of
the textbook for lecture topics that we have covered!
Chapter 10 Outline (Kidney Physiology) updated 11/20
• Understand hormonal influences of calcitrol, erythropoeitin, and renin.
• What are the following:- oliguria, polyuria, anuria
• What is "obligatory water loss"?
• understand the basic anatomy of the urinary system (renal medulla & cortex, minor and major calyx, ureters, bladder, urethra)
• What is the detrusor muscle? How is it regulated by parasympathetic versus sympathetic systems? What are the neurotransmitters and receptors?
• What are the 2 sets of sphincters of the urethra and how are they regulated [Autonomic sympathetic versus parasympathetic (including neurotransmitters and receptors) Also which sphincter is under somatic motor control?
• What is the "guarding reflex"?
• What are the following urinary problems: cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis, overactive bladder, and urinary incontinence (both urge and stress incontinence)?
The Nephron:
• What are the afferent and efferent arterioles going into or out of the glomerulus of the nephron?
• What is the function of the glomerulus?
• What is retained in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)? *This is not affected by hormones like ADH or Aldosterone!
• What is retained in the descending loop of Henle? The ascending loop? *This is not affected by hormones like ADH or Aldosterone!
• What is retained in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), based on IF aldsoterone is present?
• What can be retained at the collecting duct if ADH is present?
Glomerular Filtration Rate
• Instrinsic (non-emergency) versus extrinsic (emergency) regulation of GFR
- If blood pressure drops below 80mmHg, what happens to GFR? To urine output? To blood volume & BP?
- If blood pressure rises above 160mmHg, what happens to GFR? To urine output? To blood volume & BP?
- if blood pressure is between 80 - 160 mmHg, what happens to GFR? To urine output? To blood volume & BP? [They WILL NOT CHANGE]
• What is the difference between the terms filtration, reabsorption (or retention), secretion, and excretion?
• What are the 3 diuretics we discussed, what is their effect on salt & water retention, and where do they have an effect in the nephron?
- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
- Loop diuretics
- Thiazide diuretics
• What is a foley catheter, and why is it used?
• What is the significance of creatine clearance rate to GFR? (See Clinical App embedded in powerpoint)
• Know disorders: Diabetes insipidus, Addison's disease, Conn's syndrome
Chapter 10 Outline (Kidney Physiology) updated 11/20
• Understand hormonal influences of calcitrol, erythropoeitin, and renin.
• What are the following:- oliguria, polyuria, anuria
• What is "obligatory water loss"?
• understand the basic anatomy of the urinary system (renal medulla & cortex, minor and major calyx, ureters, bladder, urethra)
• What is the detrusor muscle? How is it regulated by parasympathetic versus sympathetic systems? What are the neurotransmitters and receptors?
• What are the 2 sets of sphincters of the urethra and how are they regulated [Autonomic sympathetic versus parasympathetic (including neurotransmitters and receptors) Also which sphincter is under somatic motor control?
• What is the "guarding reflex"?
• What are the following urinary problems: cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis, overactive bladder, and urinary incontinence (both urge and stress incontinence)?
The Nephron:
• What are the afferent and efferent arterioles going into or out of the glomerulus of the nephron?
• What is the function of the glomerulus?
• What is retained in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)? *This is not affected by hormones like ADH or Aldosterone!
• What is retained in the descending loop of Henle? The ascending loop? *This is not affected by hormones like ADH or Aldosterone!
• What is retained in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), based on IF aldsoterone is present?
• What can be retained at the collecting duct if ADH is present?
Glomerular Filtration Rate
• Instrinsic (non-emergency) versus extrinsic (emergency) regulation of GFR
- If blood pressure drops below 80mmHg, what happens to GFR? To urine output? To blood volume & BP?
- If blood pressure rises above 160mmHg, what happens to GFR? To urine output? To blood volume & BP?
- if blood pressure is between 80 - 160 mmHg, what happens to GFR? To urine output? To blood volume & BP? [They WILL NOT CHANGE]
• What is the difference between the terms filtration, reabsorption (or retention), secretion, and excretion?
• What are the 3 diuretics we discussed, what is their effect on salt & water retention, and where do they have an effect in the nephron?
- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
- Loop diuretics
- Thiazide diuretics
• What is a foley catheter, and why is it used?
• What is the significance of creatine clearance rate to GFR? (See Clinical App embedded in powerpoint)
• Know disorders: Diabetes insipidus, Addison's disease, Conn's syndrome
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