Human Physiology (Biol 236)
Exam Outline

It is to be understood that you will have read the corresponding sections of the textbook for lecture topics that we have covered!

Chapter 4, part 3 Outline (PNS Physiology) Updated 6/6/23
Understand the divisions of the PNS as discussed in the flow diagram shown in class (Remember to use blank flow diagram and KEY for practice with this pathway!)
> Divisions of the motor PNS - know difference between somatic motor and autonomic motor system.
> Under autonomic, know what the parasympathetic and sympathetic regulation of the body.
> Know the nerves (thoracic, lumbar, vagus, and sacral) and their regulation of sympathetic and parasympathetic functions.
> Know functions are regulated by ACh and muscarinic receptors, and which functions are regulated by epinephrine and alpha, beta 1, and beta 2 receptors.

Review drugs that are agonists or antagonists to epinephrine: There is also a clinical app reading online on some of these drugs
> B1-specific blockers (atenolol for patients with hypertension AND respiratory problems)
> B1 & B2 blockers (propanolol, good for patients with hypertension and no respiratory problems)
> B1-agonists (dobutamine used for patients with heart failure)
> B2-agonists (terbutaline or albuterol for asthmatics)
> B1 & B2 agonist (isoproteronol for patients to improve heart function and need bronchodilation as well)

• Review the 12 pairs of cranial nerves and what they do, and whether they are purely sensory, motor, or are both sensory and motor)

• Know that sensory neurons (tracts) from PNS enter spinal cord at dorsal horn while motor neurons (tracts) exit spinal cord from ventral horn.

Nerve Plexuses of Body (which carry both sensory and motor information)
• Cervical plexus (C1 - C4) - know significance of phrenic nerve
• Brachial plexus (C5 - T1) - Know major nerves included in this plexus
• Lumbar plexus (L1 - L4) - Know major nerves included in this plexus
• Sacral plexus (L4 - S5) - Know major nerves included in this plexus

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