Human Physiology (Biol 236)
Quiz Outline

It is to be understood that you will have read the corresponding sections of the textbook for lecture topics that we have covered!

Chapter 6 Outline (Muscle physiology) updated Mar 2, 2022
• Recognize the differences between skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle fibers (see table from lecture notes contrasting the 3) pertaining to voluntary / involuntary, neurotransmitters and receptors, fatigue, and contraction speed. (This is all review of Ch 4 & 6!)
• Know the differences in muscle organization (muscle organs, fascicles, fibers, myofibrils, and sarcomeres)
• Know the basic structure of a sarcomere (actin, troponin, tropomysosin, and myosin)
• Know the components and process involved in the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction (the role of Ca+2, ATP, and ADP).
• Know the sequence of events from when a somatic motor neuron released ACh to when myosin grabs active sites on actin and the myofilaments slide past each other.
• What is the tradeoff between muscle power versus precision, with respect to the motor unit?
• What is depleted versus acculmulated during muscle fatigue?
• What are the following isoforms of CPK: CPK BB, CPK MM, and CPK MB.
• What is the difference between an isotonic and isometric muscle contraction?
• Know what muscle contractile force depends on (number of fibers, strength stimulus (which is amount of neurotransmitter), recruitment, frequency of stimulus including muscle twitch, treppe, summation, and tetanus.
• Know following vocabulary: myoclonus or myoclonic jerk, satellite cells, myostatin, muscle atrophy, muscle spasms, muscle cramp, muscle sprain, muscle strain, and dermatomysositis.
• What are some muscle disorders discussed in class? (duchene's MD, ALS, Myasthenia gravis, tetanus, and botulism)

See the following Clinical Applications or other Readings:
Creatine Phosphokinase

• What is the difference between the muscle sensory structures: golgi tendon organ and muscle spindle apparatus?
• What are the 4 reflexes covered in lecture?
- patellar tendon or knee jerk reflex
- inhibitory stretch reflex (know that it protects the tendon from excessive muscle contractile force)
- reciprocal innervation reflex (involves the stimulation of the primary muscle and the simultaneous inhibition of the opposing muscle on the opposite side of the body)
- double reciprocal innervation reflex

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